Click for Text Website American Government: Competition and Compromise
Stephen J. Rockwell and Peter Woll
Chapter 4, Elections, Campaigns, and Voting
Chapter 6, Civil Liberties and Civil Rights
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART ONE
AMERICANS AND POLITICS
CHAPTER 1
THE MEDIA 3
COMPETING FOR CONTROL OF INFORMATION:
WHOSE NEWS? 5
"The Lifeblood of Politics"
Competing to Control the Message:The Media and Government
COMPETING ROLES AND EXPECTATIONS: WHAT DO WE EXPECT FROM THE NEWS MEDIA? 11
Surveillance: Can Journalists Just Report the Facts?
Interpreting Events: Can Journalists Provide Us with "The Truth"?
What Do We Expect from Digging Deep? The Watchdog Role and Investigative Journalism
What Should We Expect?
THE DEMANDS OF A COMPETITIVE MARKETPLACE: QUALITY NEWS VERSUS GOOD PROFITS? 16
Consolidation and Cost Cutting
Hazards for the News
PRACTICAL COMPROMISES IN THE MEDIA: PROFITS
AND PROFESSIONALISM 22
Attracting Audiences
IS THE CURRENT COMPROMISE GOOD ENOUGH? THE DEBATE OVER PUBLIC JOURNALISM 27
Conclusion
Overnight Assignment
Long- Term Integrated Assignment
Researching the Media?
Endnotes
CHAPTER 2
INTEREST GROUPS 34
WHO IS THIS NEW MAN, THIS
EVIL SPECIAL INTEREST MAN? 35
What Are We Talking About ?
Types of Interest Groups
Why Bother? Interest Group Benefits
and Activities
INTEREST GROUP COMPETITION:
ACCESS, CREDIBILITY, AND
MONEY, MONEY, MONEY 42
The Variety of Resources
Hitting the Best Shots Possible:
The Dynamics of Different Resources
FAST FRIENDS AND POLITICAL
COMPROMISES: INTEREST GROUP
.POLITICS 50
In It for the Long Haul: Lobbying Never Stops
Fast Friends and Coalition Building: Issue Networks
Fast Friends but Slow Challenge:Incrementalism
IT'S ALL FUN AND GAMES UNTIL
SOMEONE LOSES AN EYE: THE
RISKS OF INTEREST GROUP
COMPETITION 57
Is Competition All There Is?
Incoherence and the Absence of
Values in Government
What If Groups Represent Some
Interests Better Than Others?
The Limits of Interest Groups
as Representative Organizations
And What If the Best-Represented Have
Too Much Influence?
GUARDING THE GOALS AND
POLICING THE PLAYING FIELD:
ADDRESSING THE RISKS OF
INTEREST GROUP POLITICS 60
Avoiding Valueless Government and Incoherence
Addressing Undue Influence
Conclusion
Overnight Assignment
Long-Term Integrated Assignment
Researching Interest Groups
Endnotes
CHAPTER 3
POLITICAL PARTIES 67
PARTY COMPETITION IN THE UNITED STATES: THEM AND THEM OTHERS, FOR BETTER OR WORSE 68
Go One on One: Two Party Dominance in the United States
Why Two Parties?
Why Can't We Play Too? Third Parties and Independents in America
EVERYBODY'S INVITED: PARTY COMPROMISES
AND WEAKNESS IN THE ELECTORATE 76
Complex Roles and Party Compromises
Party Weakness in the Electorate
PARTIES FOR ALL OCCASIONS: COMPETITION
AND PARTY WEAKNESS IN GOVERNMENT 85
This Party's Weak: American Parties and Policymaking
FINDING A DESIGNATED DRIVER:
ARE AMERICAN PARTIES RESPONSIBLE ENOUGH? 89
Recent Party Adaptation and Revival
Conclusion
Overnight Assignment
Long-Term Integrated Assignment
Researching Political Parties?
Endnotes
CHAPTER 4
ELECTIONS, CAMPAIGNS, AND VOTING 96
DON'T BLAME ME, I VOTED FOR
[LOSER]: THE IMPORTANCE OF COMPETITIVE ELECTIONS 97
The Heart of Competition: Campaigns for Congress and the White House
If You Were Already in Congress, You'd Be Home by Now:
Congressional Campaigns and the Incumbency Effect
Running the Long Road to the White House: Presidential Campaigns
COMPETING FOR COINS AND COVERAGE: CAMPAIGNS,
MONEY, AND THE MEDIA 106
The Money Chase and Campaign Finance
The Money Chase and the Media
VOTES AND VOTERS: THE COMPETITION'S PRIZES 120
Voting Rights
Voter Turnout
Voter Choices
Conclusion
Overnight Assignment
Long-Term Integrated Assignment
Researching Elections, Campaigns, and Voting?
Endnotes
PART TWO
COMPETITION BY DESIGN
CHAPTER 5
THE CONSTITUTION 133
MANAGED COMPETITION:
THE IDEALS AND PURPOSE OF THE CONSTITUTION 135
Getting from There to Here: John Locke, Natural Rights, and Higher Law
Optimism and Wariness: The Madisonian Model of Government.
YOU SCRATCH MY BACK, I'LL SCRATCH YOURS: PRACTICAL
COMPROMISES AT THE FRAMING 140
Framing the Constitution
Convention Disputes
Convention Compromises
Accepting the Constitution
BALANCE IN WONDERLAND:
THE CONSTITUTION'S COMPETITIVE DESIGN 150
I will Call Him "Mini-Me": The Separation and Sharing of Powers
BREVITY IS THE SOUL OF LIT(IGATION): COMPETING INTERPRETATIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION AND POLITICS BY OTHER MEANS 157
Conclusion
Overnight Assignment
Long-Term Integrated Assignment
Researching the Constitution?
Endnotes
CHAPTER 6
CIVIL LIBERTIES AND CIVIL RIGHTS 164
IS THIS REALLY NECESSARY?
THE CREATION OF THE AMERICAN BILL OF RIGHTS 166
To List or Not to List? Competing Views on the Need for a Bill of Rights
NO COMPETITION AT ALL: THE SLOW DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL LIBERTIES AND CIVIL RIGHTS AS ISSUES IN NATIONAL POLITICS 168
The Fourteenth Amendment
VOICES CARRY:
COMPETING INTERESTS AND THE FIRST AMENDMENT 173
The "Clear and Present Danger" Test
Freedom of Religion
WHATCHA GONNA DO WHEN THEY COME FOR YOU?
COMPETING INTERESTS AND DUE PROCESS 179
Substantive Due Process
DO THE RIGHT THING: COMPETING VIEWS AND CONTROVERSIES SURROUNDING EQUAL PROTECTlON 183
Separate but Equal
The End of "Separate but Equal"
Equal Protection and Affirmative Action
Conclusion
Overnight Assignment
PART III
INSTITUTIONS AND GOVERNING
CHAPTER 7
THE BUREAUCRACY 197
GOVERNMENT IN A SERIES OF BRAVE, NEW WORLDS: THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY 199
ONE-STOP SHOPPING: THE CONCENTRATED POWER OF ADMINISTRATIVE AGENIES 202
Delegated Powers and Agency Activities
COMPETING FOR CONTROL
OF THE BUREAUCRCY: OUTSIDE PRESSURES AND AGENCY DEFENSES 207
Competition for Influence over the Bureaucracy
Agency Defenses
YOU THINK YOU'RE STRESSED: AGENCIES IN A COMPETITIVE SYSTEM 214
Agencies and the Separation
of Powers
Legalistic Agencies
Gun-Shy Agencies
COMPETING DEMANDS AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: WHY RUNNING A GOVERNMENT IS TOUGHER THAN RUNNING A BUSINESS 219
Equity
Accountability
Responsiveness
Efficiency
Conclusion
Overnight Assignment
Long-Term Integrated Assignment
Researching the Bureaucracy?
Endnotes 000
CHAPTER 8
THE PRESIDENCY 225
ANOTHER CREATIVE COMPROMISE: THE
CONSITUTIONAL PRESIDENCY 226
It Might Look Simple, But It's Not:
Selecting the President
Checks and Balances
WHITE HOUSE, LEADERSHIP: PRESIDENTIAL STRENGTHS
IN A COMPETITIVE SYSTEM 231
The Development of the Presidency I: Institutions
The Development of the Presidency II: Personal Leadership
HAVEN'T WE MET BEFORE? SOME FAMILIAR COMPETITION
IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM 239
President, Congress, and the Courts
Competition for Control of the Bureaucracy
C'mon, It'll Be Good for You: The Power to Persuade
ONE FOR ALL AND ONE FOR OME: THE COMPETING ROLES
AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PRESIDENT 246
It Might Look Simple, But It's not (Reprise): Being the President
Politics, Expectations, and the Presidency
Conclusion
Overnight Assignment
Long-Term Integrated Assignment
Researching the Presidency?
Endnotes
CHAPTER 9
CONGRESS 254
COMPETITION ALL OVER THE PLACE: BICAMERALISM AND REPRESENTATION IN AMERICA 256
The Bicameral Framework: Institutional Competition within the Legislative Branch
Wrestling or the Symphony Tonight, Dear? The Different Characters of the House
and Senate
I'LL BE THERE FOR YOU: REELECTION AND THE CONSTITUENCY 261
I Try to Walk Away and I Stumble: The Evolution of Congress as a Career Path
Say Anything....: How Legislators Get Reelected
MANY KINGS OF THE HILL, MANY ROUND TABLES:COMPETIT1VENESS INSIDE THE CONGRESS 271
Get a Grip: Organizing the Congress
The Grip Slips: Committees and Individualism in a Decentralized Congress
MILES TO GO BEFORE THEY SLEEP: CONGRESS IN A COMPETITIVE SYSTEM 278
There Oughta Be a Law: Competition and Compromise in the Legislative Process Behind the Music: Staff and Other Help for Congress
Conclusion
Overnight Assignment
Long- Term Integrated Assignment
Researching Congress?
Endnotes
CHAPTER10
THE JUDICIARY 291
BUILDING A STURDY BENCH: THE STRUCTURE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COURTS 293
The Federal Judiciary at the Founding
The Federal Judiciary Today
Judicial Review
NIBBLES AROUND THE
EDGES: THE COURTS IN
A COMPETITIVE SYSTEM 300
Political Involvement in Court Activities
The Problem of Implementation
CALLING 'EM AS THEY SEE 'EM:
COMPETING INTERESTS AND
NEGOTIATED COMPROMISES IN
JUDICIAL DECISION MAKING 308
No Harm, No Foul: Getting and Selecting Justiciable Cases
Supreme Court Independence and Political Questions
Judges in a Competitive Environment: Making Decisions
WHY THE COURTS? COMPETITIVE POLITICS BY
OTHER MEANS 315
How You Doin'? The Attractiveness of the Courts
From the Marshall Era through the Civil War: Federalism and National Power
Competition in the Courts: Judicial Activism in the Lochner Era and the New Deal
Since the New Deal: The Supreme Court and Competing Interests
Conclusion
Overnight Assignment
Long- Term Integrated Assignment
Researching the Judiciary?
Endnotes